原标题：Friendly Elec基于Allwinner H5的NanoPi NEO2开发方案

　　Friendly Elec公司的NanoPI NEO2是新一代超小型ARM计算机,比奥利奥饼干还要小,比卡片电脑还要快,采用全新64位四核A53处理器H5,内置六核Mail450 GPU,集成512M DDR3内存,可支持运行Ubuntu Core, Armbian等嵌入式操作系统.NanoPI NEO2采用了千兆以太网接口,并带有1个标准USB接口,因此非常适合对体积要求高,数据传输量大,数据传输速度快,和更高计算性能的物联网应用;它也是创客们发挥创意的绝佳选择.本文介绍了Allwinner H5处理器特性,框图,以及NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机主要特性,框图和电路图.

　　The Allwinner H5 is a highly cost-efficient quad-core OTT Box processor,which is a part of growing home entertainment products that offer high-performance processing with a high degree of functional integration.

　　Allwinner H5处理器特性概述:

　　• CPU: Quad-core ARM CortexTM-A53 Processor, a power-efficient ARM v8 architecture, it has 64 and 32bit execution states for scalable high performance ,which includes a NEON multimedia processing engine.

　　• Graphics: The hexa-core ARM Mali450 GPU including dual Geometry Processors(GP) and quad Pixel Processors(PP), provides users with superior experience in video playback and mainstream game; OpenGL ES2.0 and OpenVG1.1 standards are supported.

　　• Video Engine: H5 provides multi-format high-definition video encoder/decoder with dedicated hardware, including H.265 decoder by 4K@30fps , H.264 decoder by 4K@30fps, MPEG1/2/4 decoder by 1080p@60fps, VP8/AVS jizhun decoder by 1080p@60fps, VC1 decoder by 1080p@30fps, H.264 encoder by 1080p@60fps.

　　• Display Subsystem: Supports DE2.0 for excellent display experience, and two display interfaces for HDMI1.4 and CVBS display.

　　• Memory Controller: The processor supports many types of external memory devices, including DDR3/DDR3L, NAND Flash(MLC,SLC,TLC,EF),Nor Flash, SD/SDIO/MMC including eMMC up to rev5.1.

　　• Security System: The processor delivers hardware security features that enable trustzone security system, Digital Rights Management(DRM) ,information encryption/decryption, secure boot, secure JTAG and secure efuse.

　　• Interfaces: The processor has a broad range of hardware interfaces such as parallel CMOS sensor interface, 10/100/1000Mbps EMAC with FE PHY, USB OTG v2.0 operating at high speed(480Mbps) with PHY, USB Host with PHY and a variety of other popular interfaces(SPI,UART,CIR,TSC,TWI,SCR).

　　Allwinner H5处理器主要特性:

　　CPU Architecture

　　Quad-core ARM CortexTM-A53 MPCoreTM Processor

　　Thumb-2 Technology

　　Supports NEON Advanced SIMD(Single Instruction Multiple Data)instruction for acceleration of media and signal processing functions

　　Supports Large Physical Address Extensions(LPAE)

　　VFPv4 Floating Point Unit

　　Independent 32KB L1 Instruction cache and 32KB L1 Data cache

　　Shared 512KB L2-cache

　　GPU Architecture

　　Hexa-core ARM Mali450 GPU

　　Dual Geometry Processors with 32KB L2 cache

　　Quad Pixel Processors with 128KB L2 cache

　　Concurrent multi-core processing

　　3000Mpix/sec and 163Mtri/sec

　　Full scene over-sampled 4X anti-aliasing engine with no additional bandwidth usage

　　OpenGL ES 1.1/2.0 and OpenVG 1.1 support

　　Memory Subsystem

　　Boot ROM

　　On chip ROM

　　Supports secure and non-secure access boot

　　Supports system boot from the following devices:

　　- NAND Flash

　　- SD/TF card

　　- eMMC

　　- Nor Flash

　　Supports system code download through USB OTG

　　SDRAM

　　Compatible with JEDEC standard DDR3/DDR3L SDRAM

　　Supports clock frequency up to 667MHz(DDR3-1333)

　　32-bit bus width

　　Up to 3GB address space

　　Supports 2 chip selects

　　16 address signal lines and 3 bank signal lines

　　Supports Memory Dynamic Frequency Scale(MDFS)

　　Random read or write operation is supported

　　NAND Flash

　　Compliant with ONFI 2.3 and Toggle 1.0

　　Up to 2 flash chips

　　8-bit data bus width

　　Up to 64-bit ECC per 1024 bytes

　　Supports 1024, 2048, 4096, 8192, 16K bytes size per page

　　Supports SLC/MLC/TLC flash and EF-NAND memory

　　Supports SDR, ONFI DDR and Toggle DDR NAND

　　Embedded DMA to do data transfer

　　Supports data transfer together with normal DMA

　　SMHC

　　Up to 3 SD/MMC host controller(SMHC) interfaces

　　Complies with eMMC standard specification V5.1, SD physical layer specification V3.0, SDIO card specification V3.0

　　1-bit or 4-bit data bus transfer mode for SD/TF cards up to 50MHz in SDR mode

　　1-bit or 4-bit data bus transfer mode for connecting to an external Wi-Fi module up to 150MHz in SDR mode and 50MHz in DDR mode

　　1-bit ,4-bit or 8-bit data bus transfer mode for MMC cards up to 150MHz in SDR mode or 100MHz in DDR mode

　　Supports block size of 1 to 65535 bytes

　　Embedded special DMA to do data transfer

　　Supports hardware CRC generation and error detection

　　System Peripherals

　　Timer

　　2 on-chip Timers with interrupt-based operation

　　1 watchdog to generate reset signal or interrupt

　　Two 33-bit Audio/Video Sync(AVS) Counter to synchronize video and audio in the player

　　High Speed Timer

　　1 High Speed Timer with 56-bit counter

　　56-bit counter that can be separated to 24-bit high register and 32-bit low register

　　Clock source is synchronized with AHB clock, much more accurate than other timers

　　RTC

　　Time,calendar

　　Counters second,minutes,hours,day,week,month and year with leap year generator

　　Alarm:general alarm and weekly alarm

　　One 32KHzfanout

　　GIC

　　Supports 16 Software Generated Interrupts(SGIs), 16 Private Peripheral Interrupts(PPIs) and 125 Shared Peripheral Interrupts(SPIs)

　　DMA

　　Up to 12-channel DMA

　　Interrupt generated for each DMA channel

　　Transfers data width of 8/16/32/64-bit

　　Supports linear and IO address modes

　　Programs the DMA burst size

　　Supports data transfer types with memory-to-memory, memory-to-peripheral, peripheral-to-memory

　　CCU

　　9 PLLs

　　Supports an external 24MHz crystal oscillator and an on-chip 16MHz RC oscillator

　　Supports clock configuration and clock generated for corresponding modules

　　Supports software-controlled clock gating and software-controlled reset for corresponding modules

　　PWM

　　Supports outputting two kinds of waveform: continuous waveform and pulse waveform

　　0% to 100% adjustable duty cycle

　　Up to 24MHz output frequency

　　Thermal Sensor

　　Temperature Accuracy : ±3℃ from 0℃ to +100℃, ±5℃ from -20℃ to +125℃

　　Supports over-temperature protection interrupt and over-temperature alarm interrupt

　　Averaging filter for thermal sensor reading

　　2 temperature-sensing cell embedded :sensor0 for CPU,sensor1 for GPU

　　KEYADC

　　Analog to digital converter with 6-bit resolution for key application

　　Maximum sampling frequency up to 250 Hz

　　Supports general key, hold key and already hold key

　　Supports single , normal and continuous work mode

　　Message Box

　　Two users for Message Box instance

　　Eight Message Queues for the MSGBox instance

　　Each of Queues could be configured as transmitter or receiver for user

　　Two interrupts for the MSGBox instance

　　Register polling for the MSGBox instance

　　32-bit message width

　　Four-message FIFO depth for each message queue

　　Spinlock

　　32 spinlocks

　　Two kinds of status of lock register: TAKEN and NOT TAKEN

　　Crypto Engine(CE)

　　Supports symmetrical algorithm: AES, DES, TDES

　　Supports hash algorithm:SHA-1/SHA-224/SHA-256,MD5,HMAC

　　Supports 160-bit hardware PRNG with 175-bit seed

　　Supports 256-bit TRNG

　　Supports ECB,CBC, CTR, CTS modes for AES

　　Supports ECB, CBC, CTR modes for DES

　　Supports ECB, CBC, CTR modes for TDES

　　128-bit, 192-bit and 256-bit key size for AES

　　Embedded special DMA to do data transfer

　　Security ID(SID)

　　Supports 2K-bit EFUSE for chip ID and security application

　　CPU Configuration

　　Configure related CPU parameters, including power on, reset, cache, debug, and check the status of CPU

　　One 64-bit common counter

　　Display Subsystem

　　DE2.0

　　Output size up to 4096x4096

　　Supports four alpha blending channel for main display, two channel for aux display

　　Supports four overlay layers in each channel, and has a independent scaler

　　Supports potter-duff compatible blending operation

　　Supports input format YUV422/YUV420/YUV411/ARGB8888/XRGB8888/RGB888/ARGB4444/ARGB1555 and RGB565

　　Supports Frame Packing/Top-and-Bottom/Side-by-Side Full/Side-by-Side Half 3D format data

　　Supports SmartColor 2.0 for excellent display experience

　　- Adaptive edge sharping

　　- Adaptive color enhancement

　　- Adaptive contrast enhancement and fresh tone rectify

　　Supports writeback for high efficient dual display

　　Display Output

　　Supports HDMI V1.4 output up to 4K@30fps

　　- Compatible with HDMI 1.4 specification

　　- Compatible with HDCP 1.2 for HDMI

　　- Supports EDID block read by DDC

　　- Supports HPD

　　- Integrated CEC hardware

　　- Supports TMDS clock from 27MHz to 297MHz

　　- Supports RGB888,YUV444 video formats with only 8bit color depth

　　4K@30Hz

　　1920 x 1080p@50/60Hz

　　1920 x 1080p@24Hz

　　1920 x 1080i@50/60Hz

　　1280 x 720p@50/60Hz

　　720 x 480p@60Hz

　　720 x 576p@50Hz

　　3D Frame Packing 1920 x 1080p@24Hz

　　- Supports L-PCM audio format

　　Up to 192KHz IEC-60958 audio sampling rate

　　Maximum 24bit, 8 channel

　　- Supports IEC-61937 compressed audio format

　　Supports TV CVBS output

　　- Standard NTSC-M and PAL-B,D,G,H,I output

　　- Plug status auto detecting

　　Video Engine

　　Video Decoder

　　Supports multi-format video playback, including:

　　- H.265 MP/L5.0: 4K@30fps

　　- H.264 BP/MP/HP Level4.2: 4K@30fps

　　- H.263 BP: 1080p@60fps

　　- MPEG1 MP/HL: 1080p@60fps

　　- MPEG2 MP/HL: 1080p@60fps

　　- MPEG4 SP/ASP L5: 1080p@60fps

　　- Sorenson Spark: 1080p@60fps

　　- VP8 N/A: 1080p@60fps

　　- VC1 SP/MP/AP: 1080p@30fps

　　- AVS/AVS+ jizhun: 1080p@60fps

　　- xvid N/A: 1080p@60fps

　　- MJPEG: 1080p@30fps

　　Supports 1080p blu-ray 3D

　　Supports 3D size:3840x1080,1920x2160

　　Supports decoding output format:YV12

　　Video Encoder

　　Supports H.264 video encoder up to 1080p@60fps

　　Supports input picture size up to 4800x4800

　　Supports input format: tiled (128x32)/YU12/YV12/NU12/NV12/ARGB/YUYV

　　Supports Alpha blending

　　Supports thumb generation

　　Supports 4x2 scaling ratio: from 1/16 to 64 arbitrary non-integer ratio

　　Supports rotated input

　　Image Subsystem

　　CSI

　　Supports 8-bit YUV422 CMOS sensor interface

　　Supports CCIR656 protocol for NTSC and PAL

　　Up to 5M pixel camera sensor

　　Supports video capture resolution up to 1080p@30fps

　　Audio Subsystem

　　Audio Codec

　　Two audio digital-to-analog(DAC) channels

　　- 100 ± 3 dB SNR@A-weight

　　- Supports ADC sample rate from 8 KHz to 192 KHz

　　Two audio analog-to-digital(ADC) channels

　　- 93 ± 3 dB SNR@A-weight

　　- Supports ADC sample rate from 8 KHz to 48 KHz

　　Supports analog/ digital volume control

　　Supports Dynamic Range Controller(DRC) adjusting the DAC playback output

　　Supports Dynamic Range Control(DRC) adjusting the ADC recording input

　　Three audio inputs:

　　- Two differential microphone inputs

　　- One stereo Line-in L/R channel input

　　One audio output: Stereo line-out L/R channel output

　　I2S/PCM

　　2 I2S/PCM controllers

　　Compliant with standard Inter-IC sound(I2S) bus specification

　　Compliant with left-justified, right-justified, PCM mode, and TDM(Time Division Multiplexing) format

　　Supports 8-channel in TDM mode

　　Full-duplex synchronous work mode

　　Mater and slave mode configured

　　Clock up to 100 MHz

　　Adjustable audio sample resolution from 8-bit to 32-bit

　　Sample rate from 8 KHz to 192 KHz

　　Supports 8-bit u-law and 8-bit A-law companded sample

　　Supports programmable PCM frame width:1 BCLK width(short frame) and 2 BCLKs width(long frame)

　　One 128 depth x 32-bit width FIFO for data transmit, one 64 depth x 32-bit width FIFO for data receive

　　Programmable FIFO thresholds

　　One Wire Audio(OWA)

　　IEC-60958 transmitter functionality

　　Compliance with S/PDIF Interface

　　Supports channel status insertion for the transmitter

　　Hardware parity generation on the transmitter

　　One 32×24 bits FIFO (TX) for audio data transfer

　　Programmable FIFO thresholds

　　External Peripherals

　　USB

　　One USB 2.0 OTG,with integrated USB PHY

　　- Complies with USB2.0 Specification

　　- Supports High-Speed (HS,480Mbps),Full-Speed(FS,12Mbps) and Low-Speed(LS,1.5Mbps) in host mode

　　- Complies with Enhanced Host Controller Interface(EHCI)Specification, Version 1.0, and the Open Host Controller Interface(OHCI) Specification, Version 1.0a for host mode

　　- Up to 8 User-Configurable Endpoints in device mode

　　- Supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint transfer in both host and peripheral mode

　　Three USB Host, with integrated USB PHY

　　- Complies with Enhanced Host Controller Interface(EHCI)Specification, Version 1.0, and the Open Host Controller Interface(OHCI) Specification, Version 1.0a.

　　Ethernet

　　Integrated an internal 10/100M PHY

　　Supports 10/100/1000Mbps data transfer rate

　　Supports MII/RGMII/RMII interface

　　Supports full-duplex and half-duplex operation

　　Programmable frame length

　　Automatic CRC and pad generation controllable on a per-frame basis

　　Options for Automatic Pad/CRC Stripping on receive frames

　　Programmable frame length to support Standard or Jumbo Ethernet frames with sizes up to 16 KB

　　Programmable Inter Frame Gap (40-96 bit times in steps of 8)

　　Supports a variety of flexible address filtering modes

　　CIR

　　A flexible receiver for IR remote

　　Programmable FIFO threshold

　　UART

　　Up to 5 UART controllers, one UART for CPUx debug, one UART for CPUs debug, others for UART applications

　　UART0: 2-wire; UART1/2/3: 4-wire; S_UART: 2-wire

　　Compliant with industry-standard 16450 and 16550 UARTs

　　Supports word length from 5 to 8 bits, an optional parity bit and 1,1.5 or 2 stop bits

　　Programmable parity(even, odd and no parity)

　　64-byte Transmit and receive data FIFOs for all UART

　　SPI

　　Up to 2 SPI controllers

　　Full-duplex synchronous serial interface

　　Master/Slave configurable

　　Mode0~3 are supported for both transmit and receive operations

　　Two 64-byte FIFO for SPI-TX and SPI-RX operation

　　DMA-based or interrupt-based operation supported

　　Polarity and phase of the chip select(SPI_SS) and SPI_Clock(SPI_SCLK) are configurable

　　The maximum frequency is 100MHz

　　Supports single and dual read mode

　　TWI

　　Up to 4 TWI(Two Wire Interface) controllers

　　Supports Standard mode(up to 100K bps) and Fast mode(up to 400K bps)

　　Master/Slave configurable

　　Allows 10-bit addressing transactions

　　Perform arbitration and clock synchronization

　　Allows operation from a wide range of input clock frequencies

　　TSC

　　Up to 4 TSC(Transport Stream Controller)

　　Compliant with the industry-standard AMBA Host Bus(AHB) Specification, Revision 2.0.Supports 32-bit Little Endian bus

　　Supports DVB-CSA V1.1 Descrambler

　　One external Synchronous Parallel Interface(SPI) or one external Synchronous Serial Interface(SSI)

　　Configurable SPI and SSI timing parameters

　　Hardware packet synchronous byte error detecting

　　Hardware PCR packet detecting

　　SCR

　　Up to 2 SCR(Smart Card Reader) controllers

　　Supports APB slave interface for easy integration with AMBA-based host systems

　　Supports the ISO/IEC 7816-3:1997(E) and EMV2000 (4.0) Specifications

　　Supports adjustable clock rate and bit rate

　　Configurable automatic byte repetition

　　Supports asynchronous half-duplex character transmission and block transmission

　　Supports synchronous and any other non-ISO 7816 and non-EMV cards

　　Performs functions needed for complete smart card sessions, including:

　　- Card activation and deactivation

　　- Cold/warm reset

　　- Answer to Reset (ATR) response reception

　　- Data transfers to and from the card

　　Package

　　FBGA 347 balls, 0.65mm ball pitch, 14mm x 14mm

　　图1.Allwinner H5处理器框图

　　NanoPI NEO2是友善之臂团队(Friendly Elec)推出的全新一代超小型ARM计算机，它采用全志64位四核A53处理器H5, 内置六核Mail450 GPU, 集成512M DDR3内存，可支持运行Ubuntu Core，Armbian等嵌入式操作系统。NEO2依然小巧精致，尺寸如一，并且和第一代NEO接口兼容。

　　更为惊人的是，在极其有限的空间里，NEO2采用了千兆以太网接口，并带有1个标准USB接口，因此非常适合对体积要求高，数据传输量大，数据传输速度快，和更高计算性能的物联网应用;它也是创客、高端极客们发挥创意的绝佳选择。

　　NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机主要特性:

　　The NanoPI NEO2 is a newly released super tiny ARM board by FriendlyElec. It uses Allwinner’s 64-bit H5 quad-core SoC (ARM Cortex-A53). It has internal hexa-core Mail450 GPU, 512M DDR3 RAM. AUbuntuCore and Armbian image files are ready for it.

　　The NanoPi NEO2 inherits NEO’s form factor and has compatible interfaces and ports with NEO. In addition in such a small dimension it has Gbps Ethernet and one USB host port. These features make it especially suitable for applications that require high data throughput , speedy data transmission and high performance. Hobbyists and makers will just love it.

　　硬件指标:

　　CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53

　　DDR3 RAM: 512MB

　　网络：10/100/1000M 以太网口, 采用RTL8211E-VB-CG网络传输芯片

　　USB Host: 3路，其中1路为标准A型口，另外2路位于GPIO2

　　MicroSD Slot:1个, 支持启动和存储系统

　　指示灯: 2个, 分别用于电源, 和系统状态(蓝色)

　　GPIO1: 24pin, 2.54mm间距双排针,兼容树莓派GPIO之管脚1-24，含UART, SPI, i2c, IO等管脚资源

　　GPIO2: 12pin, 2.54mm间距双排针, 含USB, 红外接收, I2S, IO等管脚资源

　　调试串口: 4Pin, 2.54mm间距单排针

　　音频输入和输出: 5Pin, 2.0mm间距单排针

　　PCB Size: 40 x 40mm

　　MicroUSB: 供电(5V/2A)，并具备OTG功能

　　OS/Software: u-boot,Ubuntu Core

　　Weight: 13g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)

　　CPU: Allwinner H5, Quad-core 64-bit high-performance Cortex A53

　　DDR3 RAM: 512MB

　　Connectivity: 10/100/1000M Ethernet, RTL8211E-VB-CG chip

　　USB Host: USB Type A x 1 and USB pin header x 2

　　MicroSD Slot: MicroSD x 1 for system boot and storage

　　LED: Power LED x 1, System LED(Blue) x 1

　　GPIO1: 2.54mm pitch 24 pin-header, compatible with Raspberry Pi’s GPIO pin1 - pin 24. It includes UART, SPI, I2C, IO etc

　　GPIO2: 2.54mm pitch 12 pin-header. It includes USB, IR receiver, I2S, IO etc

　　Serial Debug Port: 2.54mm pitch 4pin-header

　　Audio In/Out: 2.0mm pitch 5 pin-header

　　MicroUSB: Power input(5V/2A) and OTG

　　PCB Dimension: 40 x 40mm

　　Working Temperature: -30℃ to 70℃

　　Weight: 13g(WITHOUT Pin-headers)

　　OS/Software: u-boot,Ubuntu Core

　　软件特性:

　　uboot

　　mainlineuboot released on May 2017

　　UbuntuCore 16.04

　　64-bit system

　　mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2

　　rpi-monitor: check system status and information

　　npi-config: system configuration utility for setting passwords, language, timezone, hostname, SSH and auto-login,and enabling/disabling i2c, spi, serial and PWM. When enabling PWM it will prompt that Serial debug port will be disabled.

　　software utility: wiringNP to access GPIO pins

　　software utility: RPi.GPIO_NP to access GPIO pins

　　networkmanager: manage network

　　system log output from serial port

　　supports USB WiFi module: refer to #Connect USB WiFi to NEO

　　supports audio recording and playing with 3.5mm audio jack

　　supports I2C 0/1

　　fixed MAC address

　　Ubuntu OLED

　　mainline kernel: Linux-4.11.2

　　supportsFriendlyElec’s OLED module

　　图2.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机外形图

　　图3.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机框图

　　图4.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(1)

　　图5.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(2)

　　图6.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(3)

　　图7.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(4)

　　图8.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(5)

　　图9.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(6)

　　图10.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(7)

　　图11.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(8)

　　图12.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(9)

　　图13.NanoPI NEO2超小型ARM计算机电路图(10)