基于TI公司的AM437x双照相机参考设计


原标题:TI AM437x双照相机参考设计
TI公司的高性能处理器AM437x系列MCU是基于ARM Cortex-A9核,具有增强的3D图像加速子系统POWERVR SGX以及用于包括工业通信协议如EtherCAT, PROFIBUS®, EnDat和其它协议的实时处理的协处理器,器件支持高级操作系统(HLOS),主要用在工业自动化,POS,手持无线电,测试测量,病人监护,手持数据终端,导航设备和条码扫描仪.本文介绍了AM437x 系列主要特性和框图, 双照相机参考设计和AM437x GP EVM评估模块主要特性,系统框图,电路图,材料清单和PCB设计文件.
The TI AM437x high-performance processors are based on the ARM Cortex-A9 core. The processors are enhanced with 3D graphics acceleration for rich graphical user interfaces, as well as a co-processor for deterministic, real-time processing including industrial communication protocols, such as EtherCAT, PROFIBUS®, EnDat and others. The devices support high-level operating systems (HLOS). Linux® is available free of charge from TI. Other HLOSs are available from TI’s Design Network and ecosystem partners.
These devices offer an upgrade to systems based on lower performance ARM cores and provide updated peripherals, including memory options such as QSPI-NOR and LPDDR2.
The processors contain the subsystems shown in and a brief description of each follows.
The processor subsystem is based on the ARM Cortex-A9 core, and the POWERVR SGX graphics accelerator subsystem provides 3D graphics acceleration to support display and advanced user interfaces.
The programmable real-time unit subsystem and industrial communication subsystem (PRU-ICSS) is separate from the ARM core and allows independent operation and clocking for greater efficiency and flexibility. The PRU-ICSS enables additional peripheral interfaces and real-time protocols such as EtherCAT, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, PROFIBUS, Ethernet Powerlink, Sercos, EnDat, and others. The PRU-ICSS enables EnDat and another industrial communication protocol in parallel. Additionally, the programmable nature of the PRU-ICSS, along with their access to pins, events and all SoC resources, provides flexibility in implementing fast real-time responses, specialized data handling operations, custom peripheral interfaces, and in offloading tasks from the other processor cores of the system-on-chip (SoC).
High-performance interconnects provide high-bandwidth data transfers for multiple initiators to the internal and external memory controllers and to on-chip peripherals. The device also offers a comprehensive clock-management scheme.
One on-chip analog to digital converter (ADC0) can couple with the display subsystem to provide an integrated touch-screen solution. The other ADC (ADC1) can combine with the pulse width module to create a closed-loop motor control solution.
The real-time clock (RTC) provides a clock reference on a separate power domain. The clock reference enables battery backed clock reference.
The camera interface offers configuration for a single or dual camera parallel port.
Cryptographic acceleration is available in every AM437x device. Secure boot can also be made available for anti-cloning and illegal software update protection. For more information about secure boot, contact your TI sales representative.
AM437x 系列主要特性:
Highlights
Up to 1000-MHz Sitara ARM Cortex-A9 32-Bit RISC processor
NEON SIMD Coprocessor and Vector Floating Point (VFPv3) Coprocessor
32KB of Both L1 Instruction and Data Cache
256KB of L2 Cache or L3 RAM
32-Bit LPDDR2, DDR3, and DDR3L Support
General-Purpose Memory Support (NAND, NOR, SRAM) Supporting Up to 16-bit ECC
SGX530 Graphics Engine
Display Subsystem
Programmable Real-Time Unit Subsystem and Industrial Communication Subsystem (PRU-ICSS)
Real-Time Clock (RTC)
Up to Two USB 2.0 High-Speed OTG Ports with Integrated PHY
10, 100, and 1000 Ethernet Switch Supporting Up to Two Ports
Serial Interfaces:
Two Controller Area Network (CAN) Ports
Six UARTs, Two McASPs, Five McSPI, Three I2C Ports, One QSPI and One HDQ or 1-Wire
Security
Crypto Hardware Accelerators (AES, SHA, RNG, DES and 3DES)
Secure Boot
Two 12-Bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs
Up to Three 32-Bit Enhanced Capture Modules (eCAP)
Up to Three Enhanced Quadrature Encoder Pulse Modules (eQEP)
Up to Six Enhanced High-Resolution PWM Modules (eHRPWM)
MPU Subsystem
Up to 1000-MHz ARM Cortex-A9 32-Bit RISC Microprocessor
32KB of Both L1 Instruction and Data Cache
256KB of L2 Cache (Option to Configure as L3 RAM)
256KB of On-Chip Boot ROM
64KB On-Chip RAM
Secure Control Module (SCM)
Emulation and Debug
JTAG
Embedded Trace Buffer
Interrupt Controller
On-Chip Memory (Shared L3 RAM)
256KB of General Purpose On-Chip Memory Controller (OCMC) RAM
Accessible to All Masters
Supports Retention for Fast Wakeup
Up to 512KB of Total Internal RAM
(256KB of ARM Memory Configured as L3 RAM + 256KB of OCMC RAM)
External Memory Interfaces (EMIF)
DDR Controllers:
LPDDR2: 266-MHz Clock (LPDDR2-533 Data Rate)
DDR3 and DDR3L: 400-MHz Clock (DDR-800 Data Rate)
32-Bit Data Bus
2GB of Total Addressable Space
Supports One x32, Two x16, or Four x8 Memory Device Configurations
General-Purpose Memory Controller (GPMC)
Flexible 8- and 16-Bit Asynchronous Memory Interface with Up to Seven Chip Selects (NAND, NOR, Muxed-NOR, and SRAM)
Uses BCH Code to Support 4-, 8-, or 16-Bit ECC
Uses Hamming Code to Support 1-Bit ECC
Error Locator Module (ELM)
Used with the GPMC to Locate Addresses of Data Errors from Syndrome Polynomials Generated Using a BCH Algorithm
Supports 4-, 8-, and 16-Bit Per 512-Byte Block Error Location Based on BCH Algorithms
Programmable Real-Time Unit Subsystem and Industrial Communication Subsystem (PRU-ICSS)
Supports Protocols such as EtherCAT, PROFIBUS, PROFINET, and EtherNet/IP™, EnDat 2.2, and More
Two Programmable Real-Time Units (PRUs) Subsystems
32-Bit Load and Store RISC Processor Capable of Running at 200 MHz
12KB (PRU-ICSS1), 4KB (PRU-ICSS0) of Instruction RAM with Single-Error Detection (Parity)
8KB (PRU-ICSS1), 4KB (PRU-ICSS0) of Data RAM with Single-Error Detection (Parity)
Single-Cycle 32-Bit Multiplier with 64-Bit Accumulator
Enhanced GPIO Module Provides Shift-In and Shift-Out Support and Parallel Latch on External Signal
12KB (PRU-ICSS1 only) of Shared RAM with Single-Error Detection (Parity)
Three 120-Byte Register Banks Accessible by Each PRU
Interrupt Controller Module (INTC) for Handling System Input Events
Local Interconnect Bus for Connecting Internal and External Masters to the Resources Inside the PRU-ICSS
Peripherals Inside the PRU-ICSS
One UART Port with Flow Control Pins, Supports Up to 12 Mbps
One Enhanced Capture (eCAP) Module
Two MII Ethernet Ports that Support Industrial Ethernet, such as EtherCAT
One MDIO Port
Industrial Communication is Supported by Two PRU-ICSS Subsystems
Power Reset and Clock Management (PRCM) Module
Controls the Entry and Exit of Deep-Sleep Modes
Responsible for Sleep Sequencing, Power Domain Switch-Off Sequencing, Wake-Up Sequencing, and Power Domain Switch-On Sequencing
Clocks
Integrated High-Frequency Oscillator Used to Generate a Reference Clock (19.2, 24, 25, and 26 MHz) for Various System and Peripheral Clocks
Supports Individual Clock Enable and Disable Control for Subsystems and Peripherals to Facilitate Reduced Power Consumption
Five ADPLLs to Generate System Clocks (MPU Subsystem, DDR Interface, USB, and Peripherals (MMC and SD, UART, SPI, I2C), L3, L4, Ethernet, GFX (SGX530), and LCD Pixel Clock)
Power
Two Non-Switchable Power Domains (RTC and Wake-Up Logic (WAKE-UP))
Three Switchable Power Domains (MPU Subsystem, SGX530 (GFX), Peripherals and Infrastructure (PER))
Implements SmartReflex Class 2B for Core Voltage scaling Based On Die Temperature, Process Variation and Performance (Adaptive Voltage Scaling (AVS))
Dynamic Voltage Frequency Scaling (DVFS)
Real-Time Clock (RTC)
Real-Time Date (Day, Month, Year, and Day of Week) and Time (Hours, Minutes, and Seconds) Information
Internal 32.768-kHz Oscillator, RTC Logic, and 1.1-V Internal LDO
Independent Power-On-Reset (RTC_PWRONRSTn) Input
Dedicated Input Pin (RTC_WAKEUP) for External Wake Events
Programmable Alarm Can Generate Internal Interrupts to the PRCM for Wake Up or Cortex-A9 for Event Notification
Programmable Alarm Can Be Used with External Output (RTC_PMIC_EN) to Enable the Power Management IC to Restore Non-RTC Power Domains
Peripherals
Up to Two USB 2.0 High-Speed OTG Ports with Integrated PHY
Up to Two Industrial Gigabit Ethernet MACs (10, 100, and 1000 Mbps)
Integrated Switch
Each MAC Supports MII, RMII, and RGMII and MDIO Interfaces
Ethernet MACs and Switch Can Operate Independent of Other Functions
IEEE 1588v2 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
Up to Two Controller-Area Network (CAN) Ports
Supports CAN Version 2 Parts A and B
Up to Two Multichannel Audio Serial Ports (McASP)
Transmit and Receive Clocks Up to 50 MHz
Up to Four Serial Data Pins Per McASP Port with Independent TX and RX Clocks
Supports Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Inter-IC Sound (I2S), and Similar Formats
Supports Digital Audio Interface Transmission (SPDIF, IEC60958-1, and AES-3 Formats)
FIFO Buffers for Transmit and Receive (256 Bytes)
Up to Six UARTs
All UARTs Support IrDA and CIR Modes
All UARTs Support RTS and CTS Flow Control
UART1 Supports Full Modem Control
Up to Five Master and Slave McSPI Serial Interfaces
McSPI0-McSPI2 Supports Up to Four Chip Selects
McSPI3-McSPI4 Supports Up to Two Chip Selects
Up to 48 MHz
One Quad-SPI
Supports eXecute In Place (XIP) from Serial NOR FLASH
One Dallas 1-Wire® and HDQ Serial Interface
Up to Three MMC, SD, and SDIO Ports
1-, 4-, and 8-Bit MMC, SD, and SDIO Modes
1.8- or 3.3-V Operation on All Ports
Up to 48-MHz Clock
Supports Card Detect and Write Protect
Complies with MMC4.3 and SD and SDIO 2.0 Specifications
Up to Three I2C Master and Slave Interfaces
Standard Mode (Up to 100 kHz)
Fast Mode (Up to 400 kHz)
Up to Six Banks of General-Purpose I/O (GPIO)
32 GPIOs per Bank (Multiplexed with Other Functional Pins)
GPIOs Can be Used as Interrupt Inputs (Up to Two Interrupt Inputs per Bank)
Up to Three External DMA Event Inputs That Can Also be Used as Interrupt Inputs
Twelve 32-Bit General-Purpose Timers
DMTIMER1 is a 1-ms Timer Used for Operating System (OS) Ticks
DMTIMER4–DMTIMER7 are Pinned Out
One Public Watchdog Timer
One Free Running High Resolution 32-kHz Counter (synctimer32K)
SGX530 3D Graphics Engine
Tile-Based Architecture Delivering Up to 20M Poly/sec
Universal Scalable Shader Engine is a Multi-Threaded Engine Incorporating Pixel and Vertex Shader Functionality
Advanced Shader Feature Set in Excess of Microsoft VS3.0, PS3.0, and OGL2.0
Industry Standard API Support of Direct3D Mobile, OGL-ES 1.1 and 2.0, and OpenVG 1.0
Fine-Grained Task Switching, Load Balancing, and Power Management
Advanced Geometry DMA-Driven Operation for Minimum CPU Interaction
Programmable High-Quality Image Anti-Aliasing
Fully Virtualized Memory Addressing for OS Operation in a Unified Memory Architecture
Display Subsystem
Display Modes
Programmable Pixel Memory Formats (Palletized: 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8-Bit Per Pixel; RGB 16- and 24-Bit Per Pixel; and YUV 4:2:2)
256 x 24-Bit Entries Palette in RGB
Up to 2048 x 2048 Resolution
Display Support
Four Types of Displays Are Supported: Passive and Active Colors; Passive and Active Monochromes
4- and 8-Bit Monochrome Passive Panel Interface Support (15 Grayscale Levels Supported Using Dithering Block)
RGB 8-Bit Color Passive Panel Interface Support (3,375 Colors Supported for Color Panel Using Dithering Block)
RGB 12-, 16-, 18-, and 24-Bit Active Panel Interface Support (Replicated or Dithered Encoded Pixel Values)
Remote Frame Buffer (Embedded in the LCD Panel) Support through the RFBI Module
Partial Refresh of the Remote Frame Buffer through the RFBI Module
Partial Display
Multiple Cycles Output Format on 8-, 9-, 12-, and 16-Bit Interface (TDM)
Signal Processing
Overlay and Windowing Support for One Graphics Layer (RGB or CLUT) and Two Video Layers (YUV 4:2:2, RGB16, and RGB24)
RGB 24-bit Support on the Display Interface, Optionally Dithered to RGB 18-Bit Pixel Output Plus 6-Bit Frame Rate Control (Spatial and Temporal)
Transparency Color Key (Source and Destination)
Synchronized Buffer Update
Gamma Curve Support
Multiple-Buffer Support
Cropping Support
Color Phase Rotation
Two 12-Bit Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs (ADC0, ADC1)
867K Samples Per Second
Input Can Be Selected from Any of the Eight Analog Inputs Multiplexed Through an 8:1 Analog Switch
ADC0 Can Be Configured to Operate as a 4-, 5-, or 8-Wire Resistive Touch Screen Controller (TSC)
Up to Three 32-Bit Enhanced Capture Modules (eCAP)
Configurable as Three Capture Inputs or Three Auxiliary PWM Outputs
Up to Six Enhanced High-Resolution PWM Modules (eHRPWM)
Dedicated 16-Bit Time-Base Counter with Time and Frequency Controls
Configurable as Six Single-Ended, Six Dual-Edge Symmetric, or Three Dual-Edge Asymmetric Outputs
Up to Three 32-Bit Enhanced Quadrature Encoder Pulse (eQEP) Modules
Device Identification
Factory Programmable Electrical Fuse Farm (FuseFarm)
Production ID
Device Part Number (Unique JTAG ID)
Device Revision (Readable by Host ARM)
Feature Identification
Debug Interface Support
JTAG and cJTAG for ARM (Cortex-A9 and PRCM) and PRU-ICSS Debug
Supports Real-Time Trace Pins (for Cortex-A9)
64KB Embedded Trace Buffer (ETB)
Supports Device Boundary Scan
Supports IEEE 1500
DMA
On-Chip Enhanced DMA Controller (EDMA) Has Three Third-Party Transfer Controllers (TPTC) and One Third-Party Channel Controller (TPCC), Which Supports Up to 64 Programmable Logical Channels and Eight QDMA Channels
EDMA is Used for:
Transfers to and from On-Chip Memories
Transfers to and from External Storage (EMIF, General-Purpose Memory Controller, and Slave Peripherals)
Inter-Processor Communication (IPC)
Integrates Hardware-Based Mailbox for IPC and Spinlock for Process Synchronization Between the Cortex-A9, PRCM, and PRU-ICSS
Boot Modes
Boot Mode is Selected via Boot Configuration Pins Latched on the Rising Edge of the PWRONRSTn Reset Input Pin
Camera
Dual Port 8- and 10-Bit BT656 Interface
Dual Port 8- and 10-Bit Including External Syncs
Single Port 12-Bit
YUV422/RGB422 and BT656 Input Format
RAW Format
Pixel Clock Rate Up to 75 MHz
Package
491-pin BGA Package (17x17 mm) (ZDN Suffix), 0.65-mm Ball Pitch with Via Channel Array Technology to Enable Low-Cost Routing
AM437x系列主要应用:
Patient Monitoring
Navigation Equipment
Industrial Automation
Portable Data Terminals
Bar Code Scanners
Point of Service
Portable Mobile Radio
Test and Measurement
图1. AM437x功能框图
AM437x双照相机参考设计
Developers looking for camera support on the Sitara AM437x processors can use this reference design to jump start their development. The AM437x camera interface is a parallel port that can be configured as a single or dual camera interface. The dual camera configuration enables the use of two simultaneous camera inputs.
The AM437x GP EVM is a standalone test, development, and evaluation module system that enables developers to write software and develop hardware around an AM437x processor subsystem. The main elements of the AM437x subsystem are already available on the base board of the EVM, which gives developers the basic resources needed for most general purpose type projects that encompass the AM437x as the main processor. Furthermore, additional, "typical-type" peripherals are built into the EVM, such as memory, sensors, LCD, Ethernet physical layer (PHY), and so on, so that prospective systems can be modeled quickly without significant additional hardware resources.
AM437x GP EVM评估模块主要特性:
Two simultaneous 2-Megapixel SOC Cameras
Cameras connected to the integrated Camera Interface (VPFE) of the Sitara AM437x processor
Dual Port 8-bit interface with BT656 or external synch signals
YUV422/RGB422, BT656, and RAW interface formats
Complete sub-system reference with schematics, BOM, design files, and HW User’s Guide implemented on a fully assembled board developed for testing and validation.
图2. AM437x GP EVM评估模块外形图
责任编辑:HanFeng
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